Hormonal Contraceptives
Hormonal contraceptives are medications often used for the prevention of pregnancy. They work primarily by stopping ovulation, altering the cervical mucus to make it difficult for the sperm to go through the cervix and thinning the lining of the uterus to prevent implantation of a fertilized egg.
- Category
- Contraceptives
- Molecular Formula
- Varies based on the type
- Mechanism of Action
- Prevents ovulation, alters cervical mucus to inhibit sperm movement, and thins the uterine lining to prevent implantation.
- Evidence Grade
- A
Other Names
- Birth control pills
- Contraceptive patch
- Vaginal ring
- Intrauterine system
- Contraceptive injection
- Implant
Primary Benefits
- Prevents pregnancy
- Regulates menstrual cycles
- Reduces menstrual cramps
- Helps with acne
Recommended Dosage
| Instructions |
Dosage and administration depend on the type of hormonal contraceptive. Oral contraceptives are usually taken once daily. The contraceptive patch and vaginal ring are used on a 4-week cycle. Implants and intrauterine systems last several years. Contraceptive injections are typically administered every 12 weeks. |
| Amount |
Varies |
| Frequency |
Varies |
Side Effects
- Nausea
- Breast tenderness
- Headaches
- Weight gain
- Mood changes
- Decreased libido
Precautions
- Not suitable for women with certain health conditions
- Does not protect against sexually transmitted infections
- May increase the risk of blood clots
Interactions
- Rifampin
- St. John's wort
- Certain HIV medications
- Certain anti-seizure medications
Key References
- https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/birth-control/basics/birth-control-basics/hlv-20049454
- https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/contraception/
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