MDMA
MDMA, short for 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, is a psychoactive drug primarily used for recreational purposes. It is known for its empathogenic effects, meaning it tends to produce feelings of love, emotional warmth, and empathy towards others. It works by increasing the activity of three brain chemicals: dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin.
- Category
- Psychoactive drug
- Molecular Formula
- C11H15NO2
- Mechanism of Action
- MDMA works by increasing the activity of three neurotransmitters: dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. It enters brain cells via the same transporters as these neurotransmitters and causes the cells to release large amounts of these chemicals.
- Evidence Grade
- C
Other Names
Primary Benefits
- Increased energy
- Enhanced mood
- Increased perception of closeness to others
Recommended Dosage
| Adults |
Not recommended for regular use due to risks. In controlled therapeutic settings, dosages may range from 75 to 125 mg, taken orally. |
Side Effects
- Nausea
- Muscle cramping
- Involuntary teeth clenching
- Blurred vision
- Increased heart rate
Precautions
- Potential for neurotoxicity
- Risk of dehydration and overheating
- Risk of addiction
- Potential negative mental health effects
Interactions
- Unsafe with MAO inhibitors
- Unsafe with other stimulants
- Risks increase with alcohol
Key References
- 'The neurobiology of ecstasy (MDMA).' Neuropsychopharmacology Review (2001)
- 'Acute toxic effects of 'Ecstasy' (MDMA) and related compounds: overview of pathophysiology and clinical management.' British Journal of Anaesthesia (2005)
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