“role of dietary intake of both carbohydrate and fats and the relationship that has on the distribution of fatty acids within the body”
Main Takeaways:
- Dietary intake of carbohydrates and fats influences the distribution of fatty acids in the body.
- This distribution impacts metabolic processes and potentially health outcomes.
Notes: Introduction to the topic of the podcast
Tone: Inquisitive
Relevance: 5/5
“a therapeutic carbohydrate restricted diet brings down so many cardiovascular risk biomarkers that we're all used to hearing about; it decreases triglycerides, it actually can reverse type 2 diabetes in most cases and certainly significantly improve glycemic control”
Main Takeaways:
- Carbohydrate-restricted diets can lower cardiovascular risk factors.
- Such diets can decrease triglycerides and potentially reverse type 2 diabetes.
- Improvement in glycemic control is noted with carbohydrate restriction.
Notes: Discussion on the benefits of low carb, high fat diets
Tone: Informative
Relevance: 5/5
“a therapeutic carbohydrate restricted diet brings down so many cardiovascular risk biomarkers that we're all used to hearing about; it decreases triglycerides, it actually can reverse type 2 diabetes in most cases and certainly significantly improve glycemic control”
Main Takeaways:
- Carbohydrate-restricted diets can lower cardiovascular risk factors.
- Such diets can decrease triglycerides and potentially reverse type 2 diabetes.
- Improvement in glycemic control is noted with carbohydrate restriction.
Notes: Discussion on the benefits of low carb, high fat diets
Tone: Informative
Relevance: 5/5
“we opened the clinic as a carbohydrate restricted clinic”
Main Takeaways:
- Dr. Hallberg opened a clinic focused on carbohydrate restriction.
- The clinic was established based on emerging evidence supporting low-carb diets.
Notes: Discussion on the shift in treatment philosophy at Dr. Hallberg's clinic.
Tone: Enthusiastic
Relevance: 5/5
“people's diabetes was like going away, they were having normal blood sugar we were pulling them off of insulin at rates that i could never have believed”
Main Takeaways:
- Patients at the clinic showed significant improvements in diabetes management.
- Many patients were able to reduce or eliminate their insulin usage.
Notes: Results observed in patients following the carbohydrate-restricted diet at the clinic.
Tone: Surprised
Relevance: 5/5
“dr hallberg told them to eat a lot of fat and not a lot of carbohydrates”
Main Takeaways:
- Dr. Hallberg advised patients to increase fat intake and decrease carbohydrate intake.
- This dietary advice was part of the clinic's approach to managing metabolic diseases.
Notes: Explaining the dietary guidelines provided to patients at Dr. Hallberg's clinic.
Tone: Informative
Relevance: 5/5
“right now we're at the tail end of our five-year data collection of the longest and largest trial looking at nutritional ketosis as a means of reversing type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes”
Main Takeaways:
- Nutritional ketosis is being studied as a method to reverse type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes.
- The study is the longest and largest of its kind, spanning five years.
- Data collection is nearing completion.
Notes: Discussion about ongoing clinical trial
Tone: Informative
Relevance: 5/5
“we're looking at people who had insulin resistance long enough that their pancreas and the beta cells could not keep up with the insulin that was needed to keep blood sugar normal and their blood sugar started to rise not yet to the level where a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes could be made”
Main Takeaways:
- Insulin resistance can progress to a point where the pancreas and beta cells fail to produce enough insulin.
- This condition can lead to elevated blood sugar levels, nearing diabetic levels but not enough for a formal diagnosis.
- Understanding this progression is crucial for early intervention and prevention.
Notes: Explaining the progression of insulin resistance
Tone: Concerned
Relevance: 5/5
“88 of Americans are not in optimal metabolic health.”
Main Takeaways:
- A significant majority of American adults are not in optimal metabolic health.
- This statistic is based on NHANES data and criteria for metabolic syndrome.
Notes: Discussion on metabolic health in the general American population.
Tone: Concerned
Relevance: 5/5
“They have normal fasting glucose and that's defined as less than 100.”
Main Takeaways:
- Normal fasting glucose is a component of metabolic health.
- Defined as less than 100 mg/dL.
Notes: Explaining criteria for metabolic health.
Tone: Informative
Relevance: 5/5
“They have normal triglycerides which are being defined as less than 150.”
Main Takeaways:
- Normal triglyceride levels are part of the criteria for good metabolic health.
- Defined as less than 150 mg/dL.
Notes: Part of a broader discussion on metabolic syndrome.
Tone: Informative
Relevance: 5/5
“They have normal HDL cholesterol which for men is defined as greater than 40 milligrams per deciliter for women greater than 50 milligrams per deciliter.”
Main Takeaways:
- Normal HDL cholesterol levels are part of metabolic health criteria.
- For men, it's greater than 40 mg/dL and for women, it's greater than 50 mg/dL.
Notes: Criteria for metabolic health being discussed.
Tone: Informative
Relevance: 5/5
“it doesn't really matter if your trigs are up or down and your waist is big or not like let's look at the actual place where the damage is taking place and make the assessment on an individualized basis as opposed to using these sort of population-based metrics which move in the right direction but for any one individual can be quite misleading”
Main Takeaways:
- Traditional metrics like triglyceride levels and waist size may not accurately reflect individual health.
- Assessments should be more personalized rather than relying solely on general population-based metrics.
- Individual differences can make standard health indicators misleading.
Notes: Discussion on the limitations of traditional health metrics.
Tone: Cautious
Relevance: 4/5
“we've done a number of shows that have dealt with fatty acids people probably understand that there are saturated fats, monounsaturated fats, and polyunsaturated fats. The saturated fats have no double bonds so that means every carbon is fully saturated with hydrogen, the monounsaturated have one and only one unsaturation so one double bond and then the polys have at least two of these double bonds.”
Main Takeaways:
- Fatty acids are categorized into saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated based on their chemical bonds.
- Saturated fats have no double bonds, monounsaturated fats have one, and polyunsaturated fats have two or more.
- Understanding these types can help in making informed dietary choices.
Notes: Explanation of different types of fatty acids during a discussion on nutrition.
Tone: Informative
Relevance: 5/5
“when we have incorporation of saturated fatty acids into our triglycerides, that is correlated with insulin resistance and adiposity, likely reflecting accelerated hepatic denovo lipogenesis.”
Main Takeaways:
- Incorporation of saturated fatty acids into triglycerides is linked with insulin resistance and increased body fat.
- This process may indicate heightened hepatic denovo lipogenesis, a metabolic pathway in the liver.
- Understanding this can help in managing or preventing metabolic health issues.
Notes: Discussion on the impact of saturated fatty acids on metabolic health.
Tone: Concerned
Relevance: 5/5
“this process of de novo lipogenesis the conduit from fat being made in the liver and exported that conduit is the vldl particle that's that's going to become very important in this discussion”
Main Takeaways:
- De novo lipogenesis involves the liver converting excess carbohydrates into fat.
- VLDL (Very Low-Density Lipoprotein) particles are crucial for transporting these fats from the liver.
- Understanding VLDL is important for discussions on metabolic health and disease.
Notes: Speaker explaining a complex biochemical process
Tone: Informative
Relevance: 5/5
“if we have a high saturated fatty acid content within the vldl, where did the saturated fatty acids come from is it directly from consumption”
Main Takeaways:
- Question raised about the source of saturated fatty acids in VLDL particles.
- Implication that dietary intake might directly influence VLDL composition.
Notes: Discussion on the impact of diet on blood lipid levels
Tone: Inquisitive
Relevance: 4/5
“this is one of my favorites um by dr brittany volk that was published a while ago and it's really great because this was a feeding study so you know they kept track of what the patients were eating”
Main Takeaways:
- Reference to a study by Dr. Brittany Volk on dietary impacts on metabolic health.
- The study was controlled, monitoring exact dietary intake of participants.
Notes: Speaker appreciates the methodological rigor of the study
Tone: Appreciative
Relevance: 4/5
“they did a run in with a very low carbohydrate diet for everyone, less than 50 grams of carbohydrates a day and every three weeks they increased the carbohydrates in the diet all the way up to a 346 grams”
Main Takeaways:
- Description of the dietary protocol in Dr. Volk's study, starting with very low carbohydrate intake and gradually increasing.
- The study explored the effects of varying carbohydrate levels on health metrics.
Notes: Explaining the phases of the dietary intervention in the study
Tone: Descriptive
Relevance: 4/5
“high carbohydrate low carbohydrate low fat here on the left to a very high intake of fat on the right and again below it the two different levels of saturated fat that we're comparing 12 grams to three times as high in the low carb diet at 36.”
Main Takeaways:
- Comparison of high carbohydrate and low carbohydrate diets.
- High fat intake in the low carbohydrate diet.
- Significant difference in saturated fat levels between the diets.
Notes: Discussing diet comparisons in a study
Tone: Neutral
Relevance: 5/5
“these were both that wanted the calorie intake of the two studies to be the same so as you can see they're about 1500 calories apiece”
Main Takeaways:
- Both diet groups maintained the same calorie intake.
- Calorie intake was set at 1500 calories for each group.
Notes: Clarifying study conditions
Tone: Neutral
Relevance: 5/5
“what we see here when we look at total saturated fatty acids is that it has dropped okay five percent between the low carbohydrate group and the low fat group”
Main Takeaways:
- Total saturated fatty acids decreased in both diet groups.
- The decrease was quantified at about 5%.
Notes: Discussing results from a dietary study
Tone: Neutral
Relevance: 5/5
“the group that was randomized to the very low carbohydrate diet their average triglyceride at the start of this study was 211 milligrams per deciliter that's sky high at the end of 12 weeks it was down to about 104 milligrams per deciliter it fell by about 50 percent”
Main Takeaways:
- Significant reduction in triglycerides in the low carbohydrate diet group.
- Triglycerides decreased from 211 mg/dL to 104 mg/dL over 12 weeks.
Notes: Discussing triglyceride levels in a dietary study
Tone: Neutral
Relevance: 5/5
“because we do associate low fat with an increase in triglycerides but i do want to remind everyone that this was a calorie restricted so this was around 1500 calories so that drop in the low-fat diet arm although maybe not what we were expected does make sense with the reduction in calories overall”
Main Takeaways:
- Low-fat diets are typically associated with an increase in triglycerides.
- Calorie restriction to about 1500 calories per day can lead to a decrease in triglycerides despite a low-fat diet.
- The relationship between diet composition and triglyceride levels can be influenced by total caloric intake.
Tone: Informative
Relevance: 4/5
“so palmitoleic or we like to call it poa is a product of something called sterile coa desaturase and sterol coe de saturates is going to determine what is going to happen with some of the fatty acids in our system specifically what's going to happen to poa now what we know ahead is that sterile coa desaturates is actually an independent marker of triglyceridemia and abdominal adiposity”
Main Takeaways:
- Palmitoleic acid (POA) is produced by the enzyme sterol CoA desaturase.
- Sterol CoA desaturase activity is linked to triglyceride levels and abdominal fat.
- This enzyme serves as an independent marker for metabolic issues like insulin resistance.
Tone: Informative
Relevance: 5/5
“so if your triglycerides are really high again what's happening very likely is that your poa is elevated as well okay brought about by increased activity of sterol co-a desaturates”
Main Takeaways:
- High triglyceride levels are likely associated with increased levels of palmitoleic acid (POA).
- Elevated POA levels can indicate increased activity of the enzyme sterol CoA desaturase.
Tone: Cautious
Relevance: 4/5
“it is increasing a process of lipogenesis it is making more lipid it is increasing the amount of lipid within the cholesterol ester in the triglyceride it is being exported from the liver”
Main Takeaways:
- Lipogenesis is the process of converting carbohydrates into fatty acids, which are then stored as fat.
- Increased lipogenesis leads to higher levels of lipids in the liver, which are then exported as triglycerides.
- This process is a response to excess carbohydrate consumption.
Notes: Discussion on metabolic pathways in the liver related to carbohydrate consumption.
Tone: Explanatory
Relevance: 5/5
“obesity is a protective mechanism”
Main Takeaways:
- Obesity may be a body's response to protect itself from excess nutrients, particularly carbohydrates.
- It is suggested that obesity is not the cause of metabolic illness but a result of it.
Notes: Discussion on the role of obesity in metabolic health.
Tone: Theoretical
Relevance: 5/5
“we want to know what an individual's carbohydrate tolerance is”
Main Takeaways:
- Individual carbohydrate tolerance varies and determining it can help tailor dietary recommendations.
- Understanding personal carbohydrate tolerance is crucial for managing metabolic health effectively.
Notes: Discussion on personalization of diet based on carbohydrate tolerance.
Tone: Advisory
Relevance: 5/5
“what do i really know about the science and what it really one must conclude is that this is not their fault okay these are things that happened beforehand and they're suffering the consequences of it and the problem is the consequence is on full view for everyone to see”
Main Takeaways:
- Obesity is not solely the fault of the individual.
- Obesity results from factors that occurred beforehand.
- The consequences of obesity are visible and can lead to bias in healthcare.
Notes: Discussion on biases in healthcare towards obese patients
Tone: empathetic
Relevance: 5/5
“patients will show up and nobody's ringing the bell until their hemoglobin a1c is above 6.5 but i mean that literally is happening 10 15 maybe 20 years after there were early early molecular warning signs”
Main Takeaways:
- Hemoglobin A1c is used as a late marker for diabetes detection.
- There are earlier molecular signs of diabetes that are not being utilized in current practices.
Notes: Discussion on the need for earlier diabetes detection
Tone: concerned
Relevance: 5/5
“measuring palmitoleic acid is one of them, that's exactly the kind of stuff that i find interesting because in our practice we use cgm a lot so continuous glucose monitoring is kind of you know we don't you know non-diabetics are wearing cgm like it's no tomorrow in our practice”
Main Takeaways:
- Palmitoleic acid is considered a useful early marker for metabolic issues.
- Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is extensively used in their practice, even for non-diabetics.
Notes: Discussion on innovative practices in metabolic health monitoring
Tone: enthusiastic
Relevance: 5/5
“my practice also focuses so much on the role of glucose disposal and non-insulin dependent glucose disposal through exercise”
Main Takeaways:
- Exercise plays a crucial role in glucose disposal independent of insulin.
- The practice emphasizes the importance of exercise in managing glucose levels.
Notes: Discussion on the benefits of exercise for metabolic health
Tone: informative
Relevance: 5/5
“we know very low levels of carbohydrate restriction can reverse the disease process, bring about normal glycemia in patients and be able to get them off of medications.”
Main Takeaways:
- Very low carbohydrate diets can reverse diseases like diabetes.
- Such diets can normalize blood sugar levels.
- Patients may be able to discontinue medications with effective carbohydrate restriction.
Notes: Discussion on carbohydrate restriction and disease management.
Tone: Informative
Relevance: 5/5
“the majority of people can reverse their disease, get normal glycemia, get off of all their medications, and then slowly reintroduce carbohydrates as long as they have functioning beta cells.”
Main Takeaways:
- Many individuals can reverse metabolic diseases and stop medications with diet.
- Gradual reintroduction of carbohydrates is possible with functioning beta cells.
- Sustained dietary management can lead to significant health improvements.
Notes: Discussion on long-term dietary management for metabolic health.
Tone: Optimistic
Relevance: 5/5
“the fact that people were on the incredibly high dose of insulin, starting on a very low carbohydrate diet, and then they got better right away.”
Main Takeaways:
- High insulin doses can be reduced by starting a very low carbohydrate diet.
- Rapid improvements in health can occur with dietary changes.
- Long-term dietary management may restore some pancreatic function.
Notes: Discussion on the impact of diet on insulin requirements.
Tone: Encouraging
Relevance: 5/5
“this insulin that you're going to inject to you okay and i'm going to do that because your blood sugars are so high that they could acutely kill you okay put you into the hospital put you at risk of all these complications”
Main Takeaways:
- High blood sugar levels can lead to acute life-threatening conditions.
- Insulin injections are used as an emergency measure to lower dangerously high blood sugar.
- Uncontrolled high blood sugar can result in hospitalization and various health complications.
Tone: cautious
Relevance: 5/5
“eaten well i've kept my weight in a normal weight even nine months pregnant i would have still been considered normal weight”
Main Takeaways:
- Maintaining a normal body weight is part of a healthy lifestyle.
- Proper nutrition and weight management are crucial for overall health.
Notes: Sarah discussing her health habits prior to her cancer diagnosis.
Tone: neutral
Relevance: 5/5
“exercise like crazy competed in you know half marathons triathlons olympic distance”
Main Takeaways:
- Regular intense exercise can be part of a proactive health regimen.
- Participation in competitive events like marathons and triathlons indicates a high level of physical fitness.
Notes: Sarah discussing her exercise habits.
Tone: enthusiastic
Relevance: 5/5
“i have never smoked”
Main Takeaways:
- Avoiding smoking is a key factor in preventing lung cancer.
- Non-smokers can still be at risk for lung cancer, indicating other environmental or genetic factors.
Notes: Sarah discussing her surprise at being diagnosed with lung cancer despite never smoking.
Tone: cautious
Relevance: 5/5
“probably between 12 to 14 percent of people who get lung cancer are not smokers and they all tend to get a certain type of lung cancer you know lung cancer is broadly divided histologically by small cell and large cell or non-small cell i'm sorry and within the non-small cell there's large cell adenocarcinoma squamous cell and most of the people like you who are not smokers get this type of adenocarcinoma non-small cell”
Main Takeaways:
- 12 to 14% of lung cancer patients are non-smokers.
- Non-smokers typically develop a type of non-small cell lung cancer known as adenocarcinoma.
- Lung cancer is categorized into small cell and non-small cell, with further subtypes in non-small cell.
Notes: Speaker discussing lung cancer types and prevalence among non-smokers.
Tone: Informative
Relevance: 5/5
“non-smoking lung cancer is growing at scary rates it's being diagnosed and it hits people in their prime it's growing rapidly especially in young women so it's hitting a lot of moms much more common in women than it is in men although it does happen in men happens in caucasian and asian women predominantly”
Main Takeaways:
- Non-smoking lung cancer rates are increasing, particularly among young women.
- This type of cancer is more prevalent in women than men, especially among Caucasian and Asian women.
Notes: Speaker discussing the demographic trends in non-smoking lung cancer.
Tone: Concerned
Relevance: 5/5
“we're talking the genomics of cancer but for EGFR cancer there was something called a targeted therapy this class of medications is called tyrosine kinase inhibitors and people can go on them and they can get better.”
Main Takeaways:
- Genomics plays a crucial role in cancer treatment.
- EGFR cancer can be treated with targeted therapy using tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
- These therapies can significantly improve outcomes for patients.
Tone: Informative
Relevance: 5/5
“you know basically a patient of ours who has another physician uh was kind of caught in the middle of a recommendation that turned out not to be the right recommendation and we were able to get them a referral to somebody else who basically got them out of a very unnecessary surgery”
Main Takeaways:
- Incorrect medical recommendations can lead to unnecessary procedures.
- Second opinions in medical practice can prevent unnecessary interventions.
- Referrals to other specialists can be crucial in providing the right medical care.
Notes: Discussion during a meeting with medical providers.
Tone: cautious
Relevance: 5/5
“i got to get this primary tumor out you know i'm considered inoperable but we know that having this primary tumor here increases my risk for mutations”
Main Takeaways:
- Primary tumors can increase the risk of mutations in cancer patients.
- Removing primary tumors might reduce the risk of further complications.
- Being labeled as inoperable can be challenged with new medical insights or second opinions.
Notes: Speaker discussing personal cancer treatment strategy.
Tone: determined
Relevance: 5/5
“can we improve your prognosis and maybe that doesn't mean you live to 95 but can we reduce can we make your cancer less resistant to therapy by taking the majority of the cancer cells out of your body”
Main Takeaways:
- Reducing tumor burden may improve prognosis and therapy effectiveness.
- Surgical intervention can be critical in cases of severe metastatic cancer.
- The goal is to make cancer less resistant to ongoing treatments.
Tone: cautious
Relevance: 5/5
“i now was bald and i was definitely fell into a deep depression but at the same time i refuse to completely give up”
Main Takeaways:
- Hair loss from treatment led to a significant emotional impact and depression.
- Despite the challenges, the speaker remained determined not to give up.
- Mental health can be severely affected by physical health challenges and treatment side effects.
Tone: resilient
Relevance: 5/5
“and so that was the moment sitting on that plane seat, crying never i've cried on a lot of planes since this diagnosis, deciding i just chose to live this was a moment i made my choice now i got to stick with it and that's how i've tried to live my life since then”
Main Takeaways:
- The speaker chose to live life fully despite a terminal cancer diagnosis.
- This decision was influenced by the impact it would have on their children.
- Living with purpose can provide motivation and direction during challenging times.
Notes: Reflecting on a personal decision during a challenging period.
Tone: Reflective
Relevance: 5/5
“crying never i've cried on a lot of planes since this diagnosis”
Main Takeaways:
- The speaker has experienced significant emotional distress following their cancer diagnosis.
- Expressing emotions openly can be part of coping with serious illness.
Notes: Speaker shares personal emotional response to illness.
Tone: Emotional
Relevance: 4/5
“you have a much greater chance of surviving cancer if you are has privilege”
Main Takeaways:
- Socioeconomic status can significantly impact cancer survival rates.
- Privilege provides better access to healthcare resources, improving outcomes.
Notes: Discussion on health equity and cancer treatment.
Tone: Informative
Relevance: 5/5
“i had no disease then after that radiation none and so i was in this state they call it nad or ned excuse me no evidence of 125:18 disease i like to always say ned right i hadn't i was ned for a really long time i had no evidence of disease it was a great 125:24 place to be right still on treatment still trying to 125:27 do everything to keep this from coming 125:28 back”
Main Takeaways:
- The speaker was in a state of no evidence of disease (NED) after radiation treatment.
- Despite being NED, continued treatment was necessary to prevent the disease from returning.
Notes: Speaker discussing personal medical history and treatment strategy.
Tone: Positive
Relevance: 5/5
“and started gemsar and you know everybody had said all these terrible 125:33 things about cisplatin 125:35 and gemsar was 10 times worse 125:38 everyone was like you'll be a breeze 125:40 gems r is a breeze compared to cisplatin 125:42 you you are really the exact opposite of 125:44 everybody because 125:45 yeah i mean we used to tell patients 125:47 gems are is 125:48 it's non-chemo”
Main Takeaways:
- The speaker began treatment with Gemzar after experiencing severe side effects from Cisplatin.
- Contrary to expectations, Gemzar was significantly more challenging for the speaker compared to others.
Notes: Discussion on chemotherapy drugs and personal response to treatment.
Tone: Frustrated
Relevance: 5/5
“it turns out i had a genetic mutation that didn't allow the gems are to break down so i was getting toxic doses of this and i was on a very low dose but the thing is that um i couldn't get rid of it so normally if you see atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome with gems are it's after months and months of treatment and i got this within four weeks.”
Main Takeaways:
- Genetic mutations can affect drug metabolism, leading to toxicity even at low doses.
- Specific mutations can cause severe reactions to medications relatively quickly.
- Understanding one's genetic profile can be crucial in managing treatments for serious conditions.
Notes: Speaker discussing personal experience with medication toxicity due to a genetic mutation.
Tone: cautious
Relevance: 5/5
“a cancer diagnosis is so high up there i would have to believe that cancer is the leading subset of that as well”
Main Takeaways:
- Cancer is considered a leading health issue.
- The speaker believes cancer is a major subset of health concerns.
Notes: Discussion on health issues and personal experiences
Tone: concerned
Relevance: 4/5
“i haven't become as big a cancer advocate yet and i'm working on it”
Main Takeaways:
- The speaker is transitioning into a role as a cancer advocate.
- Acknowledges the stress and challenges in advocacy.
Notes: Speaker discusses personal journey and advocacy
Tone: reflective
Relevance: 3/5
“originally it was actually hard to be around my kids when i was so deep in grief because they reminded me of everything i was going to lose”
Main Takeaways:
- Speaker discusses the impact of grief on their mental health.
- Grief made it difficult to engage with family due to reminders of loss.
Notes: Personal reflection on coping with grief
Tone: somber
Relevance: 5/5
“cancer and yay life is great”
Main Takeaways:
- The speaker is discussing their experience with cancer.
- The mention of cancer in a casual manner suggests a discussion on life perspective post-diagnosis.
Notes: Part of a personal story sharing
Tone: Casual
Relevance: 3/5
“she still exercises although not doing the things i used to”
Main Takeaways:
- The speaker continues to engage in physical activity despite changes in their ability or type of exercise.
- This statement highlights the importance of maintaining an exercise routine even when adjustments are necessary.
Notes: Reflecting on changes post-cancer
Tone: Reflective
Relevance: 4/5
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