0:00:00 Intro 0:01:15 Brian’s journey from the Buck Institute to Singapore, & the global evolution of aging research 0:09:12 Rethinking the biology of aging 0:14:13 How inflammation & mTOR signaling may play a central, causal role in aging 0:18:00 Biological role of mTOR in aging, & the potential of rapamycin to slow aging & enhance immune resilience 0:23:32 Aging as a linear decline in resilience overlaid with non-linear health fluctuations 0:36:03 Speculating on the future of longevity: slowing biological aging through noise reduction & reprogramming 0:42:18 The role of the epigenome in aging, & the limits of methylation clocks 0:47:14 Balancing the quest for immortality with the urgent need to improve late-life healthspan 0:52:16 Comparing the big 4 chronic diseases: which are the most inevitable & modifiable? 0:57:27 Exploring potential benefits of rapamycin: how Brian is testing this & other interventions in humans 1:09:14 Testing alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) for healthspan benefits in aging [1:01:45]; 1:13:41 Exploring urolithin A’s potential to enhance mitochondrial health, reduce frailty, & slow aging 1:17:35 Potential of sublingual NAD for longevity 1:26:50 Other interventions that may promote longevity: spermidine, 17𝛼-estradiol, HRT, & more 1:34:33 Biological aging clocks, clinical biomarkers, & a new path to proactive longevity care 1:45:01 Evaluating rapamycin, metformin, & GLP-1s for longevity in healthy individuals 1:51:19 Why muscle, strength, & fitness are the strongest predictors of healthspan 1:53:37 Why combining too many longevity interventions may backfire 1:56:06 How AI integration could accelerate breakthroughs in aging research 2:02:07 Need to balance innovation with safety in longevity clinics 2:10:50 Peter’s reflections on emerging interventions & the promise of combining proven aging compounds